It is prone to thermal disintegration at medium and high temperatures, which releases a lot of heat, smoke, and hazardous fumes, starting fires and posing a major risk to human life. For the most part, lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose make up the xylem of wood ( Figure 1). Thousands of years ago, the Romans and Egyptians used alum and vinegar to reduce the combustibility of wood. In addition to being a material for furniture and interior decoration, it can have applications in high-tech sectors. It has been extensively employed in furniture, construction, and other industries. Wood is a raw material that is renewable and has good mechanical properties, as well as being inexpensive and having abundant reserves. This paper provides an experimental reference for research on wood surface functionalization and summarizes the most current advancements in hydrophobic, antibacterial, and flame-retardant research on wood surfaces. This study has gradually gained popularity in the field of wood material science over the last 10 years. Researchers have been trying to make wooden surfaces more practical for the past century. Examples of these techniques are ion crosslinking modification and coating modification. Understanding and mastering technology to improve the surface functionality of wood opens up new possibilities for developing multifunctional and high-performance materials. To improve the performance of wood, more and more attention is being paid to the functioning of the surface. For this reason, a lot of research has been carried out to develop new and innovative wood surface improvements and make wood more appealing through features such as fire-retardancy, hydrophobicity, and antibacterial properties.
Wood-based materials are multifunctional green and environmentally friendly natural construction materials, and are widely used in decorative building materials.
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